---
title: "Validation types and refusal reasons"
description: "Learn about what kind of validations Adyen performs before authorising a transaction."
url: "https://docs.adyen.com/issuing/validation-checks"
source_url: "https://docs.adyen.com/issuing/validation-checks.md"
canonical: "https://docs.adyen.com/issuing/validation-checks"
last_modified: "2021-11-15T15:19:00+01:00"
language: "en"
---

# Validation types and refusal reasons

Learn about what kind of validations Adyen performs before authorising a transaction.

[View source](/issuing/validation-checks.md)

Adyen runs validations to decide whether to authorise a transaction. For example, we evaluate [relayed authorisation](/issuing/authorisation) and [transaction rules](/issuing/authorisation/transaction-rules), and validate if the transaction complies with scheme rules.

To find out why a payment was refused, check the validation results and refusal reasons. You can find this information either from the webhooks that Adyen sends, or directly in your [Customer Area](https://ca-test.adyen.com/).

### Tab: Webhooks

When the `status` is **refused** in the [balancePlatform.transfer.created](https://docs.adyen.com/api-explorer/transfer-webhooks/latest/post/balancePlatform.transfer.created) webhook, you can get the [validation type](#validation-types) and the corresponding [validation result](#validation-results) in the [validationFacts](https://docs.adyen.com/api-explorer/transfer-webhooks/latest/post/balancePlatform.transfer.created#request-data-categoryData-IssuedCard-validationFacts) array. Check the types with an **invalid** result.

### Tab: Customer Area

To view the validation results and refusal reasons:

1. Log in to your [Customer Area](https://ca-test.adyen.com/).
2. Go to **Transactions** > **Payments** > **Payment details**. The **Payment details** view provides more information about why a payment was refused.

On this page you will find more details about reasons for refusal, validation types, and which scenarios might cause validations to fail.

## Validation results

You can find the result for each validation type in the [balancePlatform.transfer.created](https://docs.adyen.com/api-explorer/transfer-webhooks/latest/post/balancePlatform.transfer.created) webhook, in the [validationFacts](https://docs.adyen.com/api-explorer/transfer-webhooks/latest/post/balancePlatform.transfer.created#request-data-categoryData-IssuedCard-validationFacts) array.

| Result            | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| ----------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **valid**         | The transaction passed the validation.                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| **invalid**       | The transaction did not pass the validation.                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| **notValidated**  | The validation was not performed because some services were unreachable or Adyen did not have the information needed to perform the check.                                                                                                                     |
| **notApplicable** | Adyen decided that the validation is not applicable to the state of the transaction. For example, if you are using relayed authorisation but the transaction already failed a transaction rule, then the relayed authorisation is marked as **notApplicable**. |

## Validation types

The following are the types of validation that Adyen runs against a transaction.

### accountLookup

Checks if the resources (such as account holder and balance account) exist and are active.

### arqc

ARQC (Authorization request cryptogram) mismatch between card and terminal. This can be indicative of counterfeit fraud.

### atcCheck

ATC (Application Transaction Counter) mismatch between the card and the terminal. This can be indicative of counterfeit fraud.

### authorisedPaymentInstrumentUser

The payment is refused due to a sanctioned individual in the list of Authorized Payment Instrument Users attached to the card.

### avsAddress

AVS stands for *Address Verification Service*. When an address is included in the payment request, we check if the billing address matches the account holder data. This validation fails if the billing address does not match the account holder's address.

### avsPostalCode

AVS stands for *Address Verification Service*. When a postal code is included in the payment request, we check if the postal code matches the account holder data. This validation fails if the billing address does not match the account holder's postal code.

### balanceCheck

Checks if the balance account has sufficient available balance to fund the payment amount.

### cardAuthentication

Checks if the physical card was authenticated by at least one security factor, such as magstripe or chip-and-pin authentication.

### cardholderAuthentication

Checks if the card user authenticated the transaction, for example by providing a CVC or PIN.

### cardholderVerificationResult

The PIN or CVC is not valid.

### cashbackAmountLimit

The cash back request is beyond the limit set on the card.

### cavv

CAVV stands for *Cardholder Authentication Verification Value*, which card schemes send if a payment goes through 3D Secure authentication. When a payment goes through 3D Secure, Adyen checks the validity of the authentication value including the transaction amount.

### cvc1

CVC1 (*Card Verification Code 1*) is encoded in the track data on the card itself, and is used in card-present magstripe and contactless transactions. This validation fails if the track data has been tampered with, or the magstripe is corrupted.

### cvc2

CVC2 (*Card Verification Code 2*) is printed on the card, and is used in card-not-present ecommerce transactions. This validation fails if the card user enters an incorrect CVC.

### cvc3

CVC3 (*Card Verification Code 3*) is used in card-present transactions to identify and prevent [replay attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replay_attack). This validation fails when Adyen identifies that the transaction is a replay.

### entitySettings

Checks if the account holder is allowed to do an action, such as to change their card PIN.

### inputExpiryDateCheck

Checks if the expiry date from the payment request matches the expiry date on the card.

### maxAuthAmount

Checks if the transaction amount is less than or equal to the configured maximum authorisation amount on the balance platform.

### mitAllowedMerchant

Checks if there was a valid reason why the transaction skipped authentication.

* If the transaction is a recurring transaction, Adyen checks if the initial transaction was authenticated. If not, the validation fails.
* If it is *not* a recurring transaction, Adyen checks if the merchant ID (MID) or acquirer ID is in the list of allowed merchants. If not, the validation fails. To add MIDs to the allowlist, contact our [Support Team](https://ca-test.adyen.com/ca/ca/contactUs/support.shtml?form=other).

### partialApproval

This validation is used only for transactions where the acquirer supports partial authorisations, and only from certain MCCs such as automatic fuel dispensers. This validation checks if the transaction amount depletes the card's balance and requires another payment method to complete the transaction. The result is always valid, because this validation is only performed when the transaction meets the conditions.

### partyScreening

Checks if the processing merchant is in any sanction list.

### partyScreeningEntityWhitelisted

The merchant identification ID is not whitelisted for party screening. Sanction screening is run on the transaction.

### paymentInstrument

Checks if the payment instrument exists and is active.

### paymentInstrumentExpirationCheck

Checks if the card is not expired at the time of the transaction.

### pin

Checks the PIN in ATM and point-of-sale transactions.

### psd2SoftDeclineCheck

A SoftDecline was not granted by the issuer. The transaction needs to go under an authentication challenge.

### relayedAuthorisation

Only applies if you have enabled relayed authorisation.

This validation fails if you [refuse a payment](/issuing/authorisation/relayed-authorisation#respond-to-webhook). If Adyen does not receive a response after 1500 milliseconds, the [relayed authorisation stand-in processing](#relayedauthorisationstip) check is triggered.

In some scenarios, Adyen may decide that a relayed authorisation validation is not applicable to a payment. For example, if a payment already failed a transaction rule, this validation will no longer be applicable.

### relayedAuthorisationStip

This is the relayed authorisation stand-in processing, triggered when Adyen does not receive a response within 1500 milliseconds. The validation result is set to valid or invalid based on your [default fallback setting](/issuing/authorisation/relayed-authorisation#fallback).

### screening

Checks if the transaction complies with Adyen-wide screening rules such as rules from card schemes.

### script

Scripting was not performed during the transaction.

### tokenization

Transaction was tokenized (not tokenized if value is **false**).

### transactionRules

Validates the payment against [transaction rules](/issuing/authorisation/transaction-rules).

If this validation fails, you can find out more information about which transaction rule failed from:

* The `transactionRulesResult` object in the [balancePlatform.transfer.created](https://docs.adyen.com/api-explorer/transfer-webhooks/latest/post/balancePlatform.transfer.created) webhook.
* Your [Customer Area](https://ca-test.adyen.com/), in the **Transactions** > **Payments** > **Payment details** view.

### transactionValidation

Checks if the transaction contains unsupported data.

### velocityLimitExceeded

Checks if the transaction violates velocity limits set by schemes.

## Reasons for refusal

When a transaction is refused, you may see the following refusal reasons in the [Customer Area](https://ca-test.adyen.com/).

### 3DS dynamic linking mismatch

Dynamic linking verification failed. To learn more, check the **Failed validation Types** in the [Customer Area](https://ca-test.adyen.com/) and see [Validation types](/issuing/validation-checks#validation-types).

### AVS declined

AVS stands for **Address Verification Service**. The billing address does not match the account holder's address. Ask the card user to check the billing address.

### Card expired

The card used for the transaction has expired. Therefore, it is unusable.

### Cardholder authentication required

Contactless payment failed. Card user must use PIN for the next payment.

### Cashback amount exceeds limit

The requested cashback amount exceeds the maximum allowed amount.

### CAVV declined

The card did not pass 3D Secure authentication. Ask the card user to check the authentication method and try again.

### Contactless limit reached

Maximum number of contactless payments reached. Card user must use a PIN for the next transaction.

### Cryptographic failure

EMV card with incorrect ARQC (Authorisation Request Cryptogram) - CVC1 validation failed.

### CVC declined

The specified [CVC](/get-started-with-adyen/adyen-glossary/#card-security-code-cvc-cvv-cid) is **invalid**. Ask the card user to check the CVC code.

### Declined

Transaction declined. To learn more, check the **Failed validation Types** in the [Customer Area](https://ca-test.adyen.com/) and see [Validation types](/issuing/validation-checks#validation-types).

### Do not honor

Transaction declined. To learn more, check the **Failed validation Types** in the [Customer Area](https://ca-test.adyen.com/) and see [Validation types](/issuing/validation-checks#validation-types).

### Duplicate transmission detected

Transaction rejected due to duplicate transactions detected. Ask the card user to try again.

### Error

Transaction declined. To learn more, check the **Failed validation Types** in the [Customer Area](https://ca-test.adyen.com/) and see [Validation types](/issuing/validation-checks#validation-types).

### Internal timeout

Internal issuer error. Ask the card user to try again.

### Invalid card

Card not found. Ask the card user to check the card details.

### Invalid card number

The specified card number is incorrect or invalid. Ask the card user to check the card details and try again.

### Invalid expiry date

Expiry date does not match the expiry date on the card. Ask the card user to check the card details and try again.

### Invalid PIN

Transaction failed due to incorrect PIN entered. Ask the card user to check the PIN and try again.

### Invalid transaction

Data validation failed. Ask the card user to try again or call the issuer if the error persists.

### Lost card

The card used for the transaction is **blocked**. Therefore, it is unusable.

### 3D not authenticated

3D Secure authentication failed to execute, or it did not execute successfully. Ask the card user to try again.

### Not enough balance

Insufficient balance on account.

### Not supported

Transaction not supported or allowed. Check the [validation types](/issuing/validation-checks#validation-types) and try again.

### Partially approved

Transaction approved up to the available amount on balance.

### PIN required

PIN required to authorise transaction. Ask the card user to try again with a PIN.

### PIN tries exceeded

Incorrect PIN entered more than three times. Ask the card user to call the issuer.

### Purchase amount only - No cash back allowed

Transaction authorised but without cash back option.

### Refused

Transaction declined. To learn more, check the **Failed validation Types** in the [Customer Area](https://ca-test.adyen.com/) and see [Validation types](/issuing/validation-checks#validation-types).

### SCA authentication required

The acquirer did not submit the required authentication details or applied for an SCA exemption, but the transaction could not be exempted. Ask the card user to check the authentication data and try again.

### Security violation

Security check failed. To learn more, check the **Failed validation Types** in the [Customer Area](https://ca-test.adyen.com/) and see [Validation types](/issuing/validation-checks#validation-types).

### Stolen card

Card is on the list of **blocked** cards. Therefore, it is unusable.

### Transaction not permitted

Transaction declined. To learn more, check the **Failed validation Types** in the [Customer Area](https://ca-test.adyen.com/) and see [Validation types](/issuing/validation-checks#validation-types).

### Withdrawal amount exceeded

Transaction rejected due to exceeding the maximum allowed amount.

### Withdrawal count exceeded

Transaction rejected due to exceeding the maximum number of withdrawals.
